Portrayal Of Homosexual Characters In Disney Film Studies Essay

Depiction Of Homosexual Characters In Disney Film Studies Essay The Walt Disney Company initially showed up in America (and not long after the remainder of the world) during the 1920s. after 90 years and it is as yet going solid and is an enterprise to be dealt with. From their beginnings as a basic movement organization, it presently covers heaps of various classes of film just as stretching out to TV organizations, amusement parks, books, theater adjustments, travels and music names. Until this point in time, Disney has delivered 49 vivified films, 10 real life, 11 DisneyToon creations, two stop-movement and 10 Pixar films with the colossally foreseen arrival of Toy Story 3 in June 2010. Be that as it may, focusing on their principle produce, their scope of vivified films has been understanding by everybody from the ages of 1 to 101. Disney is at the bleeding edge of family amusement just as a type of idealism (a flying elephant, living toys, mermaids and beasts?!) and a covered up (if not clear to grown-ups) approach to acquaint profound quali ty with kids as right on time as could reasonably be expected. Be that as it may, who chooses what ethics to depict in these very Americanised films? As of late, Disney films have mirrored the social atmosphere with the presentation of the primary dark hero in The Princess and the Frog (2009). So as these movies are getting consistent with life and instructing people in the future, has there been a presentation of non-hetero characters too? The Disney Companys first full length vivified film Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937) was a titanic task which pushed each representative taking a shot at the creation incredibly hard yet the outcomes were justified, despite all the trouble. The amalgamation of a good filled story with reasonable movement at that point made ready for the accompanying Disney films during, what was known as their Golden Age: Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941) and Bambi (1942). The ethics contained inside these movies and all to follow, were seen by traditionalist Americans as significant family esteems and trusted upon Disney to show these qualities to everybody. For over 50 years Walt Disney Company has spoken to all that is acceptable and unadulterated and healthy in our country. Families rushed to Walk Disney World and Disneyland since they realized that Walt Disney regarded and sustained the customary American family and its solid virtues. Disney could generally be relied on to furnish guardians and kids the same with family-accommodating, amiable amusement Letter from an alliance of Florida legislators, 1995 Be that as it may, are these ethics and qualities shared by all? Also, does the manner by which they are depicted really reflect reality? They are American beliefs of moderate family esteems which bolster the existence storyline of sentiment, union with (somebody of the other gender) and afterward kids in an equal world to that of the conventional Anglo-Saxon, Christian American childhood. Adding further to these goals are that of the issues of singularity, love and free enterprise that are being delineated to all Disney watchers, to be specific youngsters. These watchers can't separate what is being appeared to them as not really the truth of the world (as the world comprises of something other than the one religion of Christianity). New ages of youngsters exposed to Disney films are growing up with belief systems from these accounts as they have confidence in them to contain some component of truth. Not all the storylines can be considered as advancing negative convictions however. Disney films consistently contain a part of the follow your heart love which whenever viewed as the most significant good, at that point perhaps a few people will neglect the American family esteems appeared for adoration. Be that as it may, this follow your heart conviction can just truly exist inside certain religions as others have exacting decisions regarding who you can wed and truly experience passionate feelings for. All through film history (as of not long ago), there were not many storylines which contained a gay or lesbian character as a hero. The general film open saw those movies, which included a principle gay character, as gay-themed (so not as they would prefer) or elective. Lately, producers have seen a specialty in the market for gay movies, despite the fact that it was in 1896 with The Celluloid Closet that a gay subtext was utilized inside in a film. It would then take somewhere in the range of 70 years after the fact before Queer Cinema would come to fruition. Oversight on homosexuality in films came to fruition in Britain in 1912 with the establishing of the British Board of Film Censors and in 1934, the Production Code in America was authorized. Inside this severe rule for good taste was that homosexuality or indiscriminateness should never be spoken to or even derived. Gradually however, gay and lesbian characters were brought into movies, for example, Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), Clueless (1995) and Billy Elliot (2000). In any case, as recently stated, just in supporting jobs as the gay closest companion. At the point when they at long last were given the principle storylines, the characters were demonstrated to mirror heterosexuality however much as could reasonably be expected to be acknowledged. This can be found in Philadelphia (1993) where many accept this to a belittling gander at gay life and the longing to be acknowledged as should be expected in a hetero world. There are no ludicrous scenes of warmth among Hanks and his accomplice inside in the film. Strange character can be identified with various individuals not simply gay and lesbian people. The Western world may appear to be a place where there is balance yet to those in the minorities, it isn't. Studies have demonstrated it is proposed by customary educators and profession counselors that students go into ladylike occupations (Apter, 2000) while school children are driven away from employments seen as generally female (Woodward, 2000). Men and womens personalities have changed anyway as fairness for ladies in the work environment is battled increasingly demonstrating that females can be the supplier that men customarily were. This leaves the men uncertain of their personality on the planet yet through mainstream society and broad communications, they can be appeared just as ladies where they have a place in contemporary life. So as society has gotten tolerating of ladies in the working environment by it being strengthened by mainstream society and broad communications (yet m aybe not by Disney films) that when non-hetero characters are presented, resistance towards them ought to improve? With Disney films, the ethics and qualities are picked so it very well may be said that free enterprise will control how homosexuality is pictured and managed. Notwithstanding this restricted viewpoint, society is getting all the more obliging of various sexualities albeit numerous non-heteros are as yet confronting preference and segregation from more seasoned ages and others. America is marginally less liberal than the UK as a study by Gallup demonstrated that in spite of the fact that homosexuality is endured more as an adequate way of life, 42 percent of the individuals overviewed felt that homosexuality ought to be unlawful. Differentiating against this is a survey from that year demonstrating that only 17% of individuals in England felt more negative towards non-heteros (MORI, 2001). Heteronormativity can be characterized as a lot of way of life rules to which society follows and falls into a particular sexual orientation with a standpoint of a customary job throughout everyday life. Heteronormativity happens in about each film in different ways. It can advance the message of men being the ruling individual in a relationship with ladies trailing them being housewives. Anyway it is typically observed to advance that heterosexuality is the ordinary sexual direction and any sort of sexual connections should just be between a man and a lady. Some of the time it is clear and different occasions the watcher doesn't understand that the story they are watching is advancing heterosexuality and this is the perfect (or accepted, anticipated, customary and special) sexuality. Watchers can perceive that movies have concealed importance and semes, for example, great versus underhanded, rich versus poor, kids versus grown-ups and so on. Anyway it is the seme of heterosexuality versus homosexuality, which is the issue with films pushing heteronormativity. Movies that set up perfect frameworks of good and wickedness dos and donts are a piece of the inescapable stupidity that sets heterosexuality and queerdom as hopeless contrary energies which can't coincide deferentially. Todd Hayward, The Lyin King Planet Homo 69 (21st Sept 1994, 17) With heterosexuality being the accepted sexuality of society, this just fortifies separation and bias towards non-heteros. The measure of various hetero storylines indicated will expand the measure of heteronormativity inside the media by and large as ages are presented to it. With heteronormativity appeared in most mainstream society, it likewise reclassifies how homosexuality is seen. It very well may be contrasted with open versus private, with heterosexuality being open and homosexuality being private in this manner something to be covered up. Indeed, even before a watcher encounters heteronormativity in a film, the manly/ladylike meanings of sexual orientation are advanced first. From this, sexuality, delight and personality would then be able to approach as the storylines and characters create, which prompts heteronormativity. Clearly it is anything but difficult to see that Disney films advance heteronormativity albeit numerous individuals trust Disney movies to be explicitly free, it can in any case be a non-sexual piece of our lives. Disney films show the customary home life of the jobs of people against a tenable hetero scenery by supplanting sex with sentiment and strengthening the male centric family structure. This can be seen in Bambi (1942) as Bambis character is advanced as the King of the Forest and will take over from his dad. It additionally delineates his neglecting of his reliance on his mom as she is executed during the film. The extremely over-utilized storyline of the princess or young lady being romanticized by the male character, which at that point prompts a possible wedding, is dominating in numerous Disney films. A correlation of Disney films against other vivified films from various organizations made during 1990-20

Dr. Maria Montessori, Founder of Montessori Schools

Dr. Maria Montessori, Founder of Montessori Schools Dates: Conceived: August 31, 1870 in Chiaravalle, Italy.Died: May 6, 1952 in Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Early Adulthood: An uncommonly talented individual with the academic twisted of a Madame Curie and the merciful soul of a Mother Teresa, Dr. Maria Montessori was relatively revolutionary. She became Italys first female specialist when she graduated in 1896. At first, she dealt with childrens bodies and their physical illnesses and infections. At that point her regular scholarly interest prompted an investigation of childrens psyches and how they learn. She accepted that condition was a main consideration in youngster advancement. Proficient Life: Designated Professor of Anthropology at the University of Rome in 1904, Montessori spoke to Italy at two worldwide womens meetings: Berlin in 1896 and London in 1900. She astonished the universe of training with her glass homeroom at the Panama-Pacific International Exhibition in San Francisco in 1915, which permitted individuals to watch the study hall. In 1922 she was designated Inspector of Schools in Italy. She lost that position when she would not have her young charges make the extremist vow as the despot Mussolini required. Goes to America: Montessori visited the U.S. in 1913 and intrigued Alexander Graham Bell who established the Montessori Education Association in his Washington, D.C. home. Her American companions included Helen Keller and Thomas Edison. She additionally directed instructional meetings and tended to the NEA and the International Kindergarten Union. Preparing Her Followers: Montessori was an educator of instructors. She composed and addressed constantly. She opened an examination establishment in Spain in 1917 and directed instructional classes in London in 1919. She established instructional hubs in the Netherlands in 1938 and showed her technique in India in 1939. She built up focuses in The Netherlands (1938) and England (1947). An enthusiastic pacifist, Montessori got away from hurt during the tempestuous 20s and 30s by propelling her instructive strategic the substance of threats. Praises: She earned Nobel Peace Prize selections in 1949, 1950 and 1951. Instructive Philosophy: Montessori was significantly affected by Fredrich Froebel, the designer of kindergarten, and by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who believedâ children learned through movement. She likewise drew motivation from Itard, Seguin and Rousseau. She improved their methodologies by including her own conviction that we should follow the youngster. One doesn't show youngsters, yet rather makes a supporting atmosphere where kids can show themselves through inventive action and investigation. Strategy: Montessori composed over twelve books.The most notable are Montessori Method (1916) and The Absorbent Mind (1949). She instructed that putting kids in an animating domain will support learning. She considered the to be educator as a manager of the earth who was there to encourage the childrens self-led learning process.â Inheritance: The Montessori Methodâ got its beginning with the opening of the first Casa Dei Bambini in the ghetto locale of Rome known as San Lorenzo. Montessori took fifty denied ghetto kids and stirred them to lifes energy and potential outcomes. Inside months individuals originated from close and far to see her in real life and to become familiar with her techniques. She established the Association Montessori Internationale in 1929 with the goal that her lessons and instructive way of thinking would prosper in unendingness. In the 21st Century: Montessoris spearheading workâ began toward the start of the twentieth century. One hundred years after the fact, her way of thinking and approach remainâ fresh and on top of present day minds. Specifically, her work reverberates with guardians who look to animate youngsters through imaginative action and investigation in the entirety of its structures. Kids instructed in Montessori Schools know what their identity is as individuals. They are sure, calm with themselves, and connect on a high social plane with friends and grown-ups. Montessori understudies are normally inquisitive about their environmental factors and anxious to explore.â Montessori Schools have spread all through the world. What Montessori began as a logical examination has thrived as a fantastic philanthropic and instructive endeavor. After her demise in 1952, two individuals from herâ family proceeded with her work. Her child coordinated the AMI until his passing in 1982. Her granddaughter has been dynamic as Secretary-General of the AMI. Article altered by Stacy Jagodowski.

Case Study Neglect Free Essays

This case includes a multi year old male and in this manner four of his more youthful kin. In primary school, the customer earned â€Å"A† and â€Å"B† grades. Notwithstanding, this didn't proceed in secondary school. We will compose a custom article test on Contextual analysis: Neglect or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Also, the once dynamic kid started to seclude. He quit playing b-ball and invested more energy in the counselor’s office just to stay away from different youngsters as they frequently ridiculed him. The customer started seeing the school guide when he was ten years of age. His folks were the two drunkards and were engaged with utilizing and selling unlawful substances. The everyday environments at home were agonizing. There was regularly no food, power, or water in the home. The customer announced that the windows were just screen, leaving the home freezing. The customer additionally detailed that his folks would bolt him and his kin in their space to guarantee they didn't come clean with specialists about what was happening in the house. This ordinarily happened when the guardians got word that the police or the Department of Family Services was on their way finished. There was five youngsters in this family, the customer was the most established, four kid were right now still in the home. Notwithstanding the disregard the customer experienced, he likewise experienced maltreatment. This contextual investigation referenced one clear occurrence. At the point when the customer came back to his parent’s home in the wake of remaining with his aunt’s in view of disregard charge, he returned to class with a wrecked arm. This was the main sign of physical maltreatment during this contextual analysis, anyway the customer didn't examine what occurred. Extra physical maltreatment or some other sort of misuse is obscure. This customer was likewise liable for his kin. He ensured they were dressed and feed for school. He additionally helped his kin with their schoolwork. This obligation allowed for him bringing about less than stellar scores and his public activity diminished. The customer likewise showed manifestations of misery, proposing wretchedness. The school advisor made note of potential analyses, in any case, it doesn't give the idea that the guide at any point made an official determination. The advisor mentioned Depression as an essential analysis because of the client’s negative fate related jargon. Treating this customer for melancholy might be useful. To meet a finding of Depression the individual must involvement with least five of the accompanying indications in a similar fourteen days: discouraged state of mind, weight reduction or addition, to an extreme or too little rest, expanded or diminished psychomotor action, weakness, sentiments of uselessness, poor fixation, or self-destructive ideation. These manifestations must be sufficiently noteworthy to cause checked impedance in work or school. This customer displayed huge numbers of these manifestations. For instance, the advisor expressed that the customer said the word â€Å"hopeless† regularly. The customer likewise looked underweight, experienced issues in school both scholastically and socially, and didn't get the best possible measure of rest (DSM-IV-TR). At last, these manifestations must be more extreme than the basic blues everybody encounters now and again. While this customer was presumably enduring with some level of despondency, there were different components which better clarify these side effects. This customer was the survivor of kid disregard and misuse. As noted over the youngsters in this family frequently abandoned their essential needs. This is a superior clarification for the client’s side effects than sorrow since when put in an additionally supporting condition, the client’s side effects disseminated. The customer showed this adjustment in conduct when the courts sent the youngsters to the aunt’s home after the customer considered the Department of Family Services to record the disregard report. During this time, all the kids were going to class clean and feed. The children’s schoolwork, including the client’s was finished. This dispersal of side effects was seen a second time when the customer was set in child care. Once more, he was going to class clean and feed and with schoolwork finished. Once at his cultivate parent’s home, the customer was likewise ready to return to playing b-ball once more. Over the span of the customer and school guide relationship, the customer saw the advisor on a week by week premise. The school guide planned these gatherings to help the customer in critical thinking with respect to thinking about his more youthful kin. The counselor’s acknowledgment of the client’s needs in such manner was certainly a factor in the client’s capacity to endure this troublesome time. This isn't generally the situation thusly making the customer feel that treatment doesn't work. Also, the guide didn't push the customer for data or activity so a solid relationship had the option to create. The advocate had the option to gradually acquire the client’s trust by giving him she was there for him. This profited the customer in various manners. He had the option to build up a positive strong relationship with a grown-up good example and he had the option to pick up the mental fortitude and solidarity to stop the disregard he was encountering. As the customer advanced in his critical thinking and dynamic aptitudes the specialist ought to change the strategies and objectives of the treatment meetings. When the customer moved from his organic guardians and later embraced, his jobs and duties changed radically. With the new family he lived as an ordinary youngster, he was spotless, well feed, and rejoined the school’s b-ball group. He no longer needed to think about more youthful youngsters in a child rearing limit. Now treatment should move the concentration to settling the issues of misuse and disregard so the customer can deal with his past. The utilization of psychoanalytic treatment would be a suitable remedial strategy. With this kind of treatment the customer can work out his issues. With the assistance of the advisor, the customer will figure out how to excuse and adapt to these issues. What is disastrous for this situation is the way that different youngsters wound up returning to the guardians. Not long after that reunification, the old ways returned. Nonetheless, since the customer was not there to go about as the parental figure for different kids, the most seasoned sister assumed control over that job. Here the cycle proceeds. Despite the fact that different youngsters were not as open with the school advisor, they need close checking similarly as their trouble got before. This nearby observing might have the option to prevent further disregard and maltreatment from happening. Also, it is savvy to keep checking and offering helpful types of assistance to this customer. There may at present be some profound seeded issues he should manage. At long last, the customer will require help changing in accordance with his new family and the issues they have brought him, explicitly the detachment of his new parents. Notwithstanding guaranteeing that this customer is balanced in his new life, extra help and treatment can screen the nearness of future emotional well-being connected issues. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is frequently found in people who have encountered misuse. In view of the existence circumstances this customer had suffered as a kid, he is powerless for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. On the off chance that this issue creates, the customer will encounter flashback type side effects. This may obstruct his capacity to adapt to past and future life occasions. Extra issues related with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder incorporate imprudent practices, a sleeping disorder, bad dreams, shirking issues, poor focus, hypervigilance, and expanded surprise reaction. Since Posttraumatic Stress Disorder happens after the individual encounters the injury, indications may not show until some other time in adulthood. Additionally basic in people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is liquor addiction and substance misuse. Once more, this customer is at a higher hazard for these issues in view of the hereditary part of both liquor addiction and substance misuse. A determination of liquor misuse or reliance incorporates practices that incorporate disregard of duties. People who misuse liquor likewise will keep on utilizing in spite of the way that they realize it is messing up their life both genuinely and socially. With proceeded with treatment and backing, the customer will have the option to work out these youth issues and in this way decline the likelihood of future issues. Proceeded with help will likewise give the customer the abilities important to adapt to life’s upsetting occasions. The customer will be outfitted with the instruments need to manage his issues in a sound manner rather than going to medications and liquor. Proceeded with treatment will likewise permit the customer to turn out to be any sentiments he may have in regards to his kin who were sent back to his folks. This angle was not noted for the situation study; in any case, he may harbor sentiments of blame or lament, realizing that his kin are still in a careless circumstance. It would likewise be helpful to the customer to join bolster bunches so as to build his emotionally supportive network. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Analytic and measurable manual of mental issue: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: Author.   Step by step instructions to refer to Case Study: Neglect, Free Case study tests

Pairs Trading And Strategies And The CAPM Dissertation

Sets Trading And Strategies And The CAPM - Dissertation Example Other than testing a model, this examination will likewise be trying business sector productivity and utilizing use Cointegration as a choice standard for pair choice, attempt to learn whether extraordinary and increasingly proficient principles might be executed. So as to ascertain resource returns we need the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which gives forecasts on the most proficient method to gauge hazard and the connection among hazard and return. The relationship of expected return is direct and is important to clarify contrasts in returns among protections. Presentation Pairs exchanging incorporate tried strategies used to recognize and put resources into sets. This was created by Morgan Stanley in the 1980’s and is today one of the most generally utilized procedures in the money and exchanging industry. Utilizing this system, a financial specialist takes a gander at two resources, whose costs have moved together previously. As the value spread broadens, the financia l specialist takes a short situation in the beating resource and a long situation in the failing to meet expectations resource trusting that the spread will move back once more, along these lines producing benefits. On the off chance that history, at that point rehashes itself, costs will assemble and the arbitrageur will gain income. For instance, if the U.S. value markets were productive consistently, hazard balanced comes back from sets exchanging could never be sure. The Morgan Stanley bunch disbanded in 1989 following several awful long periods of execution, sets exchanging has from that point forward become a logically increasingly notable market-unbiased venture system utilized by financial specialists just as speculative stock investments. The expanded prominence of quantitative based measurable exchange systems has likewise been influencing the benefits. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a crucial zone of money related administration that has added to fund turning i nto a logical and completely fledged control of study. There proliferates analysis that the Capital Asset Pricing Model is to some degree ridiculous because of the suppositions that it depends on. This incorporates the supposition that financial specialists would just require returns on the precise gambling of their portfolios, because of the expulsion of the unsystematic hazard which can thus be overlooked. The market impartial portfolios are developed utilizing only two protections, comprising of a long situation in one and a short situation in the other, in a foreordained proportion. The two forms of sets exchanging the value markets are measurable exchange matches and hazard exchange sets. A Statistical exchange pair exchanging depends on the possibility of relative valuing. The basic reason in relative estimating is that stocks with comparative attributes must be evaluated pretty much the equivalent. The spread for the situation might be thought of as a level of common misprici ng, so the more noteworthy the spread, the higher the greatness of mispricing and thus a more prominent extent of benefit. The methodology includes expecting a long-short position when the spread is considerably away from the mean. It is normal that the mispricing will be right. The position is then turned around and benefits are made when the spread returns. The sets exchanging procedure may be defended inside a balance resource valuing structure with non-fixed normal factors as noted in Fund and Hsieh (1999). Resource returns can be processed by Capital Asset Pri

Review on To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

Review on To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Jul 16, 2019 in Book Review To kill a Mockingbird is a 1960 novel by Harper Lee. The book appeared right at the moment of the growing civil rights movement and immediately became successful, attracting controversy. The plot, as well as the characters of the story, is loosely based on Harper Lees observations of her own family and neighbors. In spite of the fact that much of the background for To kill a Mockingbird came from Harper Lees childhood experiences, the plot is primarily drawn from the authors imagination. The novel wins the hearts of its readers with its simplicity, humor and warmth, however, at the same time it makes the readers think about such serious issues as racial inequality and rape among others. The primary themes ofHarper Lees novel are such important themes as the destruction of innocence and racial injustices. However, To kill a Mockingbird involves issues of gender roles, class, courage, and compassion in the AmericanDeep South. The novel fosters tolerance and decries prejudice. Harper Lees book explores the moral nature of people - that is, what makes a person good or evil. The author approaches this question through dramatization of the transition of Scout and Jem from a perspective of childhood innocence, while they were good as they have never seen what is evil, to the perspective of adults, when they have met evil and must include it into their new understanding of the world. Order now Live Chat Harper Lee raises a question of how children are taught to make their movement from innocence to adulthood. However, To kill a Mockingbird proclaims that not everybody is ready for this transition from innocence to experience of knowing what is hatred, ignorance, and prejudice. This is shown by the author through Tom Robinson and Boo Radley who were not prepared to encounter evil, and, were destroyed, as a result. Richard McRoberts adds, The fictional trial and shooting of Tom Robinson is a painful reminder of the real life persecution and murder of African Americans (negroes and blacks) over several centuries (6). Atticus Finch is a moral voice ofTo Kill a Mockingbird. He is the one who has experienced and comprehended what is evil, maintaining his faith in the capacity for goodness of a human. Atticus Finch understands that people are not the creatures of good or evil only, they have both bad and good qualities. Through this character, Harper Lee calls her readers to appreciate the good values and try to understand the bad ones. Andrew Haggerty argues, If Atticus Finch embodies the moral values that Lee intends her novel to champion. These values are primarily expressed through his defense of Tom Robinson, doomed to be found guilty of a crime he did not commit because he is black and his accuser is white. How one judges Atticuss failed defense of Tom against the pervasive and sickening racism of the society Lee so vividly depicts, is ultimately how one judge the novel (47). From the moral lesson to Scout and Jem, the author tries to show that people should live with conscience with keeping hope and without becoming cynical. Throughout the novel Atticus Finch teaches Scout and the readers of the novel to view the world from the perspective of forgiveness and understanding. To Kill a Mockingbird is full of simplicity, humor and warmth, but at the same time, the novel touches such serious themes as racial inequality, rape, gender roles, class, courage, and compassion.Through the characters of the novel, Harper Lee tries to raise such important questions as movement from innocence to adulthood of children and what makes a person good or evil. To kill a Mockingbird teaches people to be good and to try to understand each other instead of judging subjectively.

How Oprah Winfrey Change the World - Free Essay Example

One must know not just how to accept a gift, but with what grace to share it Maya Angelou. This quote highlights why philanthropy is the art of giving to another person. Some people may ask what is philanthropy. Google defines it as the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes. One person that would be a clear example of this is Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfreys childhood was a rough one something no child should have to endure. While living with her mother as a child she was sexually assaulted and abused by family members this caused severe emotional pain. People started noticing that she was acting out and making bad grades. After her father learned what had happened she moved in with him and her life turned around. Her behavioral issues ceased to exists and she started making good grades. This propelled her to attend Tennessee State University where she studied Speech Communications and Performing Arts. She was able to attend on a full ride scholarship that she won from the Elks Club speaking contest. Eventually she was recruited by a Chicago news station to host a morning show. Her audience begin to grow significantly and she was offered her own show. Soon thereafter she was offered ownership and started Harpo Productions. The Oprah Winfrey show aired for 25 years. While there she gave opportunities to unknown authors during her segment titled Oprahs Book Club. She also starred in the Color Purple where she was nominated for best supporting actress in 1986 at the Oscars. The same year that the Oprah Winfrey show ended she started the Oprah Winfrey Network. This network has produced shows such as Queen Sugar, Greenleaf, and The Haves and the Have Nots. Over the years Oprah has donated millions of dollars. Including donating over 50 million to her charity the Oprahs Angel Network a charitable organization that encourages people to make a difference and be the change around the world. She also built a school called Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls. The school has state of the art technology, science labs and a library. Her goal is to allow the girls access to a free, and stable education that will allow them to be successful in the world and see themselves for who they truly are. This is one of Oprahs largest charity project. Some other examples of her generosity include relief for victims of hurricane Katrina and donating $500,000 to the March For Our Lives campaign led by students who wanted tighter gun control laws. She also is a top donor to the National Museum of African American History and Culture, which is the only national museum devoted only to African American life, history, and culture. In 1994 Oprah had the ide a to compile a database of child abusers nationwide the law was signed by Congress and passed. Oprah Winfrey is an extremely accomplished person, woman, and African American. She has received numerous awards and accolades. She has been called the richest African-American of the 20th century and was the only black billionaire for three consecutive years. She was the first recipient of the Academy of Television Arts and Science Bob Hope Humanitarian award, called the most influential women of her generation by Life Magazine, and the first black women to be honored with the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime achievement. She was also named the Greatest Black philanthropist in American history by Business Weekly and last but not least she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom this is the highest civilian award in the United States. In conclusion Oprah Winfrey has changed the world for the better. She knocked down cultural barriers and became one of the greatest women in the 20th century. This is why I chose Oprah Winfrey as the greatest philanthropist in world history.

Promoting garage business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5948 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1. Business Overview Motor Store is a newly established company in the auto industry situated in Omagh, Northern Ireland. Its objective is to satisfy local demand for auto parts and to sell products to local garages as well as the general public. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Promoting garage business" essay for you Create order Chairperson Brendan McAnulla will be in charge of the start-up of the store, its daily operations and also be responsible to the board. Financial resources for the company will be supported by the business program run by the Bank of Ireland. In terms of human resources available a skilled workforce will contribute to the success of the business in terms of both its management and operation functions. The product ranges to be dealt with by the company can be divided into four categories: car parts including replacements parts such as clutches and maintenance items such as oil/lubricants etc; car entertainment, tools for repair and maintenance and other miscellaneous car care products. The selling of brand products with high levels of recognition in the industry from suppliers such as Delphi, Valeo, Castrol Oil, and Bosch JVC car audio to a degree positions Motor Store as a company drawing upon an image of quality goods and superior customer service. As Gilbert (1999) points out pr oducts are a combination of tangible material and intangible value and as such brand names have significant impacts on the evaluation of intangible assets for products in the minds of customers. Thus it can be said to be useful for a car parts retailer to intermix corporate branding with quality brand goods. Along these lines the company has managed to secure a unique distribution channel of Delphi products. The major selected methods of selling so fare are to be in-store purchases and also mail shots which can support both in-store and mail order purchasing. The store will be located in the Gortrush industrial estate as it is one of the biggest car products exchange centers in Omagh. The location is convenient for traffic and offers a sophisticated infrastructure with easy access to and from a large hinterland surrounding the area as well as major arteries to Belfast. In addition placement in the industrial estate means the company will be able to obtain government support in te rms of tax benefits and lower renting cost from the special zoning regulations involved. This can be argued to be essential elements for a starting business such as Motor Store bringing overall cost-effective benefits during the difficult initial stages of trading. Working from the customer base of the industrial estate itself Motor Store is located next to a well established car paint distributor which should have the effect of providing an initial pool of possible customers from an already established business in a complimentary aspect of the industry. The store will be 3000 sq f. which will include front shelf based displays and a store room used to store car parts such as brakes. A well-presented display area supported by effective merchandise will result in a better shopping environment which will contribute to initial customer attraction in purchasing goods, (Markham, 1998). The pricing strategy to be employed by Motor Store follows a cost-orientated model which is often ch osen by new businesses because of the lower financial risks involved. In using this then the type of management technique adopted by Motor Store is Cash flow Profit Planner. A high cash flow level is able to decrease risks related to finance and operations which is a useful strategy for new businesses and one generally also it must be acknowledged supported by financial backers of new businesses. During these primary stages sales performance will be vital so Motor Store will plan to exploit a range of promotional tools to build a healthy sales base as quickly as possible. First in order to attract customers to purchase in the store the company plans to offer special product ranges at a pricing below full cost covering only direct costs. In doing so the store aims to create a price advantage over competitors in the short term and generate its own customer base rapidly. It is useful to blend pricing tools with other elements of a marketing mix since rapid penetration is essential for new businesses in gaining market share in the short term, (Shipley, 1981). Motor Store will also aim to exploit its promotional mix effectively in order to build up long term customer relationships as well as achieving short term market penetration. In retail situations the customer has full freedom in choosing products without the presence of a salesperson however an effective sales assistant is able to both assist and encourage customers in determining their choice of products. This face-to-face and human element can be a critical success factor for any retailer and arguably is even more so in the case of the company as part of its targeted market are trade-based individuals. This will necessitate sales assistants who have a degree of technical knowledge concerning the product range which allows them to deal with technical questions from a knowledgeable customer. Motor Store aims to concentrate on one to one contact and interaction with consumers as a direct way of communicatin g with customers. It is relatively easy using these methods then to provide information about the store such as contact cards and also provide special introductory offers directly and also promotional gifts, for example Replica cars. These human touches should encourage customers to purchase and will it is hoped provide a foundation for building long term loyalty to the company. Motor Store will also make use of radio advertisements and press advertising along with public relations activities such as sponsorship for garage staff training and customer events like trips to Silverstone and indoor karting. In doing so Motor Store aims to promote and image of customer friendly service and build long term business relationships with customers. This will be able to provide competitive advantages in competing with other retailers by leveraging store loyalty over the long term. As Blythe (2000) suggests public relations has become critical for companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ survival over the long term and contributes also to adding extra value to each function in the value chain, from logistics to marketing and services. In addition to the former promotional activities Motor Store will also aim to provide mail shots and catalogues to customers which will allow them to order by mail. In the UK mail order services are linked with an image of cheap and convenience for industries such as the car part retailing industry. Therefore the use of mail order from catalogues will help Motor Store to spread its service and influence over a wider range of area and possible customers. These efforts made by Motor Store can be said generally aim to generate positive word-of-mouth with high quality products and professional service levels. The success of the measures should ensure the company quickly establishes a positive reputation in the market which will provide a solid foundation for continued success and growth. 2. Review of the external and internal environment PESTEL Frame work and Industrial Five Forces Model It is vital for managers to make sense and comprehend the factors comprising the environments in which their organisations will operate. Thus analysis of business environments becomes an essential tool of strategic management. Johnson and Scholes (2002) suggest that the external environments in which organisations operate can be analysed from macro and micro viewpoints. The framework of a PESTEL analysis is useful in giving a detailed macro account and this is the analytical tool to be used by Motor Store. The PESTEL model namely concentrates on political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. It provides insight into the core elements to be aware of when looking at the macro factors of relevance for organisational operations. Firstly whilst there has been continuous encouragement from local government and national government in developing the UK automotive industry there has recently been a downturn in demands for automotives as well as automotive parts, (De Saint-Seine, 2005). Retailing appears to occupy a vital role in understanding this economic change and this trend may have roots in the poor economic performance of England generally resulting in lower GDP and lowered consumer confidence towards purchasing expensive goods such as cars. However conversely it may be a feature that lowered confidence in purchasing new cars may go hand-in-hand with desires to maintain already existing purchases for a longer time, therefore Motorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Storeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supply of replacement and maintenance parts may be a significant growth area given environmental conditions. However studies reveal that the demand for luxury cars continues growing as a result of technological development in the automotive field as well as changes in peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lifestyle, (Roy and Griggs, 2005). The purchase of new cars is also impacted significantly by MOT requirements and EU legislation dealing with automobiles and cars. As such these elements indicate a strong position for Motor Store if demands for products can be successfully taken advantage of by the company. It is obvious then that the car parts retailing industry is closely linked to the car repair industry. Therefore the recent report for a consortium of motor manufacturers and repair garages resulted in the launching of the Automotive Technician Accreditation (ATA) scheme, an industry-standard brand developed to counter rip-off and substandard operators in the industry. This could have major influences on car parts retailers and provide an externally recognisable accreditation for consumers in determining the quality of a service provider, (Solley, 2005). This will be reinforced by the fact that the repair industry standards will be supported by various public awareness advertising campaigns over the next year which seeks to secure and recognise good practice in the car repair industry. It is reasonable to say that the higher standard of repairing services will not only require more technologically skilled garage workforce but also higher quality car parts and advanced repairing tools. As a result Motor Store should be in a strong position to capitalise on these trends. Additionally both organisations and individuals are subject to an unprecedented pace of technological change in the way business challenges are approached and the nature of these challenges in the 21st century. In order to keep pace with these changes information systems have evolved their role in business in terms of integration within management and services enabling for example electronic commerce methods to be deployed and controlled easily, (Elliot, 2002). This is also the case in the car parts retailing industry in that retailers can exploit computerised systems to control daily operations, stocks and merchandise tracking/ordering. From the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective the increasing use of the Int ernet means there is an increasing acceptance of this new shopping form. The United Kingdom is one of the leading countries in relation to e-commerce generally in terms of legislative regulatory support of Internet retailing and has an extensive broadband infrastructure upon which e-retailing methods depend. The UK government continues to strongly advocate the development of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"legal and fiscal environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to facilitate itself to be the best place in the world to conduct e-commerce by 2002, (Galliers Wiggins, 2002). Such avenues represent possible means for Motor Store to differentiate itself further and reach a much wider possible market both in Northern Ireland and possibly also on the mainland. Linked with this IT and communications infrastructures and digital services companies as well as competitive financial marketplaces, such as London being one of the main European financial centres plays an essential role in the building of dependably e-s hopping networks. Surveys indicate that consumer acceptance of e-shopping in the UK is much higher than other countries in Europe, (Forrester Research, 2000). Thus it is unsurprising note already existing websites used by car parts retailing companies to sell online. Due to the nature of the market buying behaviour in that customers are more sophisticated and technically knowledgeable there is a requirement for full information and advice from sales person as well as detailed search information during the purchasing process. Research has demonstrated that information-rich products attract consumers in buying and websites can be useful in helping buyers better understand a productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feature and benefits, (Eisenmann Brown, 2002). Thus a combination of traditional players and new eBusiness parties might drive the development of the business-to-customer market in the car parts retailing industry. The fact that this phenomenon is a relatively new feature means again tha t Motor Store is in a position to capture a significant share of this emerging sector of the market. Furthermore it is vital to be cognisant of the changes in peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lifestyle which can be defined as a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pattern of living in the world expressed in his/her activities, interest and opinions, (Kotler, 1986). Firstly research reveals that modern customers demand more time for leisure, sports, fashion and music products, (Frenie, J., Fernie, S. Moore, 2003). This arguably suggests that car accessory/entertainment devices ranges will increasingly contribute to car parts retailersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ sales performance. Secondly rapid technological development causes automotive product life cycles to be shorter than ever before so branding strategy is often used by retailers to build and draw upon customer loyalty. It has been reported that modern customers are less loyal to one retailer thus effective public relations plays a vital role in maint aining customer trust. Thirdly in relation to automotive purchases more and more people show concern over environmental issues during the buying process. National standards such as the MOT legally requires high quality levels for cars in respect of environmental issues thus people are often legally required to purchase environmentally friendly products. Last but not least it is useful to be aware that a result of demographic trends the population is gradually ageing meaning older rather than younger customers being the larger possible market, (Gilbert, 1999). Two possible results from this include less time for in-store shopping as a result of work pressures and more brand sensitivity when they purchase due to longer periods of exposure to certain brands. This reflects Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hierarchy of needs framework in that people seek to satisfy high level needs such as self-esteem, social status through purchasing branded products, (Maslow, 1998). Taken together these trend s imply the possibility for Motor Store to position itself as both a high quality provider in terms of products but also one which takes account of more sophisticated social concerns articulated by an ageing demographic. To take advantage of this successfully though would arguably need market research concerning the preferences and demands of older customers. In terms of the industrial environment it is worthwhile mentioning the five forces framework in that it provides a useful guide for the analysis of external environments organisation compete in. The competition generally in the automotive parts retailing industry has become increasingly intense. As a result of the downturn in the selling of cars the demands for the car parts are expected to slow down correspondingly. Yet as mentioned this trend may be countered by demands for maintenance related parts. In addition to traditional retailers there are also more e-sellers which are able to offer significant price advantages due to lower store and labour costs. Generally speaking the bargaining power of buyers has increased and consumers as a result need to be put at the centre of any strategic decision making carried out by retailers. It is essential for retailers then that they meet customer needs bearing in mind the changes associated with car purchasing and repair behaviours. On the other hand retailers can exercise more power in relation to suppliers since they could select the right products to sell meaning more ability to negotiate special product offers. Finally the future of new entrants in this market remains unclear since small businesses along with big companies might enter the market yet due to the downturn there might also be exiting of some already established operators. SWOT Analysis Key strategic information about the business environment can be summarised in the form of a SWOT analysis bearing in mind the core strategic resources and capabilities within the organization. Therefore fi rst of all it is essential to identify Motor Storeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic resources as well as its weaknesses. As a newly established store compared with its major competitors such as M L Auto parts and Auto Components Motor Store lacks an established customer base as well as a store brand name. Motor Store also does not have its own distribution vans currently meaning it will be inconvenient to provide mail order or online booking for its entire product ranges forcing it to depend on external distribution networks. Thus compared to its main competitors who possess their own vans for the delivery of products Motor Store is in a weak competitive position on this point. However as a new company Motor Store will be able to apply the latest technological applications enabling them to have competitive advantages in relation to techniques as there is no need to alter an already established organisational architecture to be able to apply such innovations. The offer of free technolog ical training for garages could generate good relationships with local garages that are a major part of targeted customers for the company. It is fair to say that professional and high-quality customer service is the most important strength for the store. This can be formed and solidified in the efforts in building good public relations and in-store services. Motor Store not only offers for example free parking coverage but also engages in various promotional services such as technique training for customers and free gifts. The unique distribution of Delphi products range secured by the company will enable them to satisfy customer needs for specific quality goods better than competitors. Also the solid basis of its supplier relationship will generate cost advantages for the store in terms of direct costs as well as providing unique resources for the distribution of certain brand products such as Delphi. This can be seen as a vital strength compared to other retailers since brandi ng quality goods to a large extent contributes to its overall competitive position. The financial support from Bank of Ireland should provide financial strength in terms of the corporate cash flow allowing responsive stocking of up-to-date product merchandise. Also the convenient location for the store provides a ready customer pool from which trade customers can be drawn and convenient distribution channels set up. In considering opportunities and threats changes in the environments have been dramatic and the pace of change is also intense in the competitive business world. One of the most important aspects of change is the development of technology linked to automotive and car repairing. As mentioned before the general downturn in the automotive market generates potential threats to the store. However growing demands for technologically advanced luxury cars also give opportunities to Motor Store if they can be exploited successfully. Motor Store as a new company is able to assi milate new information faster than older organisation according to organisational learning cycle frameworks. Thus the selling of brand products and technologically advanced car parts and repairing tools will give the company the opportunity to build up good relationships with car users particularly luxury car users and garages who have to keep pace with technological developments. As discussed the wide use of the Internet generates both threats and opportunities for Motor Store. On the one hand it is clear that online car parts retailers have cost advantages over traditional retailers. It means they can use a price premium to cut down profit margins for competitors in respect of quantity and quality. However e-commerce security and privacy related issues have caused some customers to return to traditional ways of purchasing. Yet e-commerce also offers opportunities to integrate businesses in terms of internal stock networks supporting online selling. Whether online features will be opportunities or threats will depend greatly on the successful application of a strategic plan dealing with the ramifications of the technology. Again as a new company Motor Store is in a strong position to develop an organisational structure which takes advantage of the opportunities offered. Regulations and standards developed by the car repair industry and national government also provides opportunities for Motor Store since better through providing higher quality goods Motor Store will be able to create a competitive position in the car parts industry through external quality accreditation. Garages will prefer technologically advanced suppliers and high quality goods in order maintain their service levels. Car users have to purchase better quality goods in order to meet legal requirements for automotives. With changing lifestyles there is also growing demands for car entertainment products and accessory product ranges. Growing interests in environmental issues will allow Moto r Store establish a new environment-orientated store image which should build significant positive customer relationships. While the youth market is predicted to decrease the proportion represented by the student population especially in higher education has grown. This produces a workforce with better education levels to deal with technological developments a significant element given the need for the company to have a knowledgeable workforce able to keep pace with new information as a result of technological development. 3. Current issues that requires strategic planning Strengths + Opportunities Customers are more concerned about brand names when they purchase thus Motor Storeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s high quality goods and various brand product ranges should generate competitive advantages for the company. The provision and retention of a skilled workforce will also help in maintaining brand image and product quality. Therefore the use of a branding strategy needs to combine corporate strengths with opportunities in order for the company to compete effectively in the car parts retailing industry. It is critical to remember that branding strategy not only means the selling of brand products but also means creating a good store brand name through superior customer service as well as the retailing of high quality goods. The provision of a no quibble warranty can be viewed here a significant component of building store loyalty by ensuring customer trust in the quality of the service and product offered by the company. Secondly the development of e-commerce suggests opportunities for Motor Store in developing its online system in terms of internal control networks and corporate website allowing customers to search product information and purchase online increasing overall service provision efficiency. An e-commerce strategy needs to be based on a skilled workforce and have good financial support. As Margolis (1996) points out IT technology will be widely applied in the retailing system with traditional retailing forms being supported by e-commerce being the main trend in the retailing industry. Weaknesses + Opportunities According to the analysis above the main weakness for Motor Store is the lack of a long term established customer base as well as a store brand name. Opportunities based on technological development offer chances to set up a technique-advanced store image through sophisticated operations systems, skilled and professional workforce and high quality products. In doing this and supported by the use of e-commerce and public relations activity Motor Store should be able to effectively develop a good reputation along with a strong store brand name relatively rapidly. Strengths + Threats Due to the decreased market size in the automotive industry Motor Store should strategically position itself in relation to targeted customers. The storeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strength in providing quality goods offers advantages in relation to luxury car users since they require higher quality parts and more advanced repair tools. The use of a branding strategy arguably can overcome the downturn in the industry generally. In addition the products ranges dealing with car entertainment parts and accessories can generate profits to recover losses incurred by a decreased market size. From this perspective Motor Store should differentiate itself from competitors as a car parts retailer aiming at the luxury level car parts marketplace along with promoting an image related to driving enjoyment through car accessories and easy self service car care. In terms of garages they should be targeted as technologically based garages which require high quality products and technological advanced support systems for car maintenance. The pricing tool is not necessary in this differentiation strategy thus this strategy falls into a customer service based differentiation without a price premium leverage as defined in the strate gy clock, (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). 4. Mission Four principles guide the mission of Motor Store, these being ÃÆ' ¢-  Empowerment of individuals ÃÆ' ¢-  Equality ÃÆ' ¢-  Honesty ÃÆ' ¢-  Democracy Motor Store intends to provide excellent customer service based on superior quality products in order to satisfy customer needs. These customers include local garages and the general public. In terms of garages Motor Store is keen to provide professional and technological support. In relation to the general public Motor Store is eager to help them maintain their driving enjoyment through providing quality products and superior services in ensuring smooth operations of their vehicles. The image to be promoted by the company is encapsulated by being customer friendly and environmentally friendly. 5. Aims and Objectives ÃÆ' ¢-  Product: -To provide varied ranges of top quality products to both garages and ge neral public. 1. Offer high quality car parts supported by a range of branding suppliers. 2. Offer sophisticated and high quality car repair tools in supporting both garages and individual customers. 3. Offer stylish and high quality car entertainment product ranges to enhance driving pleasure. 4. Offer advanced car care products to maintain value for cars owned by customers. ÃÆ' ¢-  People: To build good relationships with several interested parties. 1. Provide superior and professional customer service to customers based on the provision of high quality products and informative advice on these products through supported training of human resource elements. 2. Maintain stable relationships with employees in order to fulfil effective work performance commitments in terms of customer service. 3. Satisfy the corporate board by achieving financial goals including roughly a 30% investment return after the first year in operation coupled with realis able long term organisational growth. ÃÆ' ¢-  Branding: To create a strong brand name for Motor Store in terms of high awareness and recognition in the market for quality products and superior service. 1. Improve brand awareness through an effective marketing and communication mix. 2. Create a brand image of a customer orientated and environmentally concerned company. 3. Improved sales performance through successful implementation of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s branding strategy. ÃÆ' ¢-  Organisation: To achieve organisational growth. 1. Organisational expansion over the first three years from Northern Irish market to the mainland UK marketplace. 2. Achieve 30% growth rate in the first year and 25% in the following two years. 3. Achieve leadership status in the car components retailing industry through exploiting advanced technological advantages. 4. Effective organisational control through effective intranet, team working networks among different departments. 5. Maintain good relationships with suppliers in order to obtain cost advantages and organisational efficiency in supply distribution channels. ÃÆ' ¢-  E-commerce: To develop an efficient e-commerce model in order to support organisational control and support customer service provision. 1. Develop an efficient internal network contributing to organisational control and effective organisational operations. 2. Develop an integrated supplier-retailer-distributor relationship through e-commerce techniques. 3. Provide online access through a corporate website for product information and access to an e-shopping model. 4. Use e-commerce to support branding strategy in terms of word-of-mouth and building positive brand reputation. 6. Action Plan HR resource plan Customer-focused differentiation strategy This differentiation strategy relies on excellent customer service and high quality products thus primary a ctivities in the value chain from logistics, operations, marketing and sales, and service will each contribute to the effective implementation of the strategy, (White, 2005). As such the logistics department is in charge of product selection from suppliers, product storage, distribution as well as delivery. The use of e-commerce here is able to help achieve just-in-time distribution and product maintenance with substantial cost benefits to the business. The marketing group plays a vital role in the strategic implementation since they are responsible for effective promotional planning including advertising campaigns, PR activities, in-store sales and e-marketing activities. Superior customer service delivery can be achieved through offering quality products, competitive and special offer pricing, in store promotions and convenient delivery channels for customers. It is critical for the company that it applies technological developments in adding value to customer service provision. T he service department is responsible for the training of customers and in-store explanation and sales promotion in relation to products. The HR department is responsible for employee training in order to maintain high levels of expertise and knowledge concerning products among employees and allow for training to be conducted in better customer service techniques. At the beginning stages of a business a flatter organizational architecture supported by an intranet will be employed since this is a useful means of maintaining effective communication between different departments. Thus the leadership style will be a Dominance Approach to begin with and then gradually moving to Shared Vision Approach. This is because a strong organisational culture to a large degree contributes to the efficiency of operations and relations between management teams and employees, (Brooks, 2003). At this stage the strategic position of leadership in the management of business activities is central for th e organisational growth. Cooper (2005) argues that the role of trust as a way of highlighting strategic leadership is essential in corporate management. This is because trust as a belief is vital to the maintenance of business productivity and to the implementation of self-management based teams. For Motor Store one of the main strategic objectives is to build good employee relationships allowing for the retention of skilled workers. By sharing and promoting a strong unifying vision of the organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s values and culture in the initial stages the foundations will be laid for a more inclusive approach reflecting shared organisational attributes during the growth phase for the company. Branding Strategy The implementation of a branding strategy requires effective cooperation within the store at all levels of operations and service provision. The marketing department is directly in charge of promotional and communication models which seek to achieve branding ob jectives which include improvement of brand awareness, continued building of brand image and good public relations to increase recognition of brand images. Radio advertisements have been chosen since it is a cheaper medium than TV for advertising is an effective method of communication directly with car users. Advertising in press along with mail shots will be printed out on A4 paper by using a four colour model based on a cost-effective strategy related to such campaigns. The catalogue will be delivered in store by sales people and spreading the store brand name by word-of-mouth is a significant element of the strategy. This will require a professional well-presented and enthusiastic sales team in these initial stages. Also effective communication models rely on quality customer service and quality goods thus it is critical that integration occur with all the primaries activities and functions of the company bearing in mind the branding strategy. E-commerce techniques will allow im plementation of branding goals in the short term at a low cost as a result of low costs involved in the use of the Internet compared with other mediums. Therefore there is a strong need to develop an effective internal network along with a corporate website initially. E-commerce The development of an e-commerce system will be finished within one month. Experts and representatives from different departments will co-operate and contribute to system design in tandem with an external e-commerce skilled consultant. In doing so Motor Store will be able capitalise on the opportunities offered by e-commerce in setting up a business in the short term in terms of improving brand awareness through viral marketing and attracting customers. The delivery of e-marketing products will be fulfilled by subcontracting to Parceline a large, well-recognised and trusted delivery company in the UK which provide services both within Northern Ireland and mainland UK, (Parceline, 2005). ÃÆ' ¢-Ã⠀šÃ‚  Timetable for Strategic Implementation Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year 1 Employee training. Gather customer data. Develop E-commerce model. Customer Service. Expand customer Base. Build up effective customer relationships. Employee Training program review. Excellent customer service. Achieve differentiation based on customer service. Year 2 Employee training. Maintain competitive advantage. Employee Training. Superior public relations. Maintain differentiation based on customer service. Year 3 Employee training. Maintain existing customers, create new customers. Employee training. Establish leadership position in the car parts retailing industry. Financial Plan ÃÆ' ¢- Assumption Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Plan Month 1 2 3 Current Interest Rate 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Long-term Interest Rate 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Tax Rate 25.42% 25.00% 25.42% ÃÆ' ¢- Financial Budget: First Year CATEGORY MONTHLY BUDGET AMOUNT MONTHLY ACTUAL AMOUNT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACTUAL AND BUDGET INCOME: Sales Forecast  £15,000 Internet Marketing Sales  £ 500 Interest Income  £100 Capital Gains Income Dividend Income Miscellaneous Income  £140 INCOME SUBTOTAL EXPENSES: Store Rent  £2,500 Utilities: Gas/Water/Electric/Trash  £200 Salary  £6,500 Telephone  £100 Office Repairs/Maintenance  £100 Product  £5,000 Gasoline/Oil  £150 Auto Repairs/Maintenance/Fees Other Transportation (tolls, bus, subway, etc.)  £100 Child Care Auto Insurance  £ 150 Computer Expense  £50 Entertainment/Recreation  £100 Toiletries, Household Products Clothing  £50 Promotion Gifts  £300 Healthcare (medical/dental/vision, inc. insurance) Radio Advertising Campaign  £300 Press Advertisement  £300 Federal Income Tax  £ 200 State Income Tax  £ 200 Social Security/Medicare Tax EXPENSES SUBTOTAL  £11,800 NET INCOME (INCOME LESS EXPENSES)  £4,040 ÃÆ' ¢- Corporate Balance Sheet Current Assets Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Cash  £48,000  £75,000  £120,000 Inventory  £14,000  £17,000  £20,000 Other Current Assets 0 0 0 Total Current Assets  £62,000  £92,000  £140,000 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets  £15,000  £15,000  £15,000 Accumulated Depreciation  £1,000  £3,000  £5,000 Total Long-term Assets  £14,000  £12,000  £1000 Total Assets  £76,000  £104,000  £150,000 Liabilities and Capital Current Liabilities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Accounts Payable  £13,000  £16,000  £20,000 Current Borrowing 0 0 0 Other Current Liabilities 0 0 0 Subtotal Current Liabilities  £13,000  £16,000  £20,000 Long-term Liabilities 0 0 0 Total Liabilities  £13,000  £16,000  £20,000 Paid-in Capital  £4,300  £4,300  £4,300 Retained Earnings ( £1,000)  £1,200  £4,000 Earnings  £20,000  £18,000  £22,000 Total Capital  £49,300  £55,500  £70,300 7. Monitor and Evaluating Performance Chairperson Brendan McAnulla will take charge of the management team which includes a Financial Manager, a Marketing manager, a HR manager and a Logistics manager. Data of daily corporate performance will be collected by computerised internal systems in such a way as allowing for the accomplishing of just-in-time stock control and dynamic promotional strategy adjustment. Monthly meetings will be held in order evaluate corporate performance and adjust strategic goals based on reported data. Annual board reports will enable evaluation of corporate performance within a financial year and in doing so satisfy shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expectations of accurate performance and demonstrable organisational growth. Such reports will include annual appraisals of employee in terms of training and sales related performance data. The key aim of the monitoring strategy is both to assess but relate assessment to organisational flexibility in responding to customer needs and environmental dynamics. References Blythe, J. (2000) Marketing Communications, FT Prentice Hall, UK. Brooks, I. (2003) Organisational Behaviour: Individuals, Groups and Organisation Second Edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited, UK. Cooper, C. (2005) Leadership and Management in the 21st Century: Business Challenges of the Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford New York. Donnelly, T., Barnes, S. Morris, D. (2005) Restructuring the Automotive Industry in the English West Midlands, Local Economy, Vol.20 Issue 3. Elliot, S. (2002) Introduction to B2C Strategies and Models, in Elliot, S. (ed) Electronic Commerce: B2C Strategies and Models, John Wiley Sons, UK. Frenie, J., Frenie, S. A Moore, C. (2003) Principles of Retailing, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford New York. Forrester Research (2000) UK Online Retail: From Minority to Mainstream, May, London. Galliers, B. Wiggins, A.( 2002) Internet Retailing in the United Kingdom, in Eliiot, S. (ed) Electronic Commerce: B2C Strategies and Models, John Wiley Sons,UK. Jobber, D. (2001) Principles Practice of Marketing 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, London UK. Johnson, G. Scholes, K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases 6th edition, FT Prentice Hall, London UK. Kotler, P (1986) Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control, Prentice Hall, New York USA. Margolis, B. (1996) Digital Commerce: the Future of Retailing, Direct Marketing, Vol. 41 Issue 6. Markham, J.E. (1998) The Future of Shopping: Traditional Patterns and Net Effects, Macmillan Business, London UK. Maslow, A. (1998) Maslow on Management, John Wiley, New York USA. Parceline (2005) Parceline Official Website, available from: https://www.parceline.com/index.htm Roy, R., Colner, S. Griggs, T. (2005) Estimating the Cost of a New Technology Intensive Automotive Aroduct: A Case Study Approach, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol . 97 Issue 2. Solley, S. (2005) Motor Industry Sets up Repair Standard, Marketing (UK), July 6th. White, C. (2004) Strategic Management, Palgrave, London UK.